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Brief history of the Internet and related networks


Added: 28-03-2007
Author: Ahmed Abdel Kader
Category: Broad-Band Internet
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Introduction

In 1973, U. S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) initiated a research program to investigate techniques and technologies interlinking packet networks variety. The aim is to build a network communications protocol that allows computers to communicate transparently at various network-related packages. This is a project called the systems and networks from ilijitokeza research Internetting known as the Internet. Protocol system that is made during this research effort became known as TCP / IP Protocol Suite, after the two initial protocols developed: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP).

In 1986, the U. S. National Science Foundation (NSF) began development of the NSFNET, today, the main backbone to provide communications network. With the 45-per-megabit devices, in order NSFNET carried 12 billion packets per month between network members. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the U. S. Department of Energy contributed additional backbone and ESNET way NSINET respectively. In Europe, major international backbone as NORDUNET and others provide connectivity over a hundred thousand computers on a network. Commercial network providers in the United States and Europe began to provide Internet backbone and support on the basis of competitive parties concerned.

Regional support for the Internet is provided by various consortium networks and support provided through the respective research and educational institutions. In the United States, much of this support comes from federal and state governments, but significant contributions made by the industry. In Europe and elsewhere, is thanks to the support of cooperative efforts and international organizations through a national survey. In a series of reforms, especially after 1989, the Internet system began to integrate support for other protocols Suite in fabric-based network. This system is now focused on multi interworking, and in particular, by linking the Open Systems Interconnection (First) protocol into the architecture.

All public domain and commercial implementations of 100 TCP / IP protocol suite became available in 1980 s. In the early 1990s, the motion protocol implementations also became available and, at the end of 1991, 5000 The Internet has grown to include several networks in several countries in the third, serving more than 700,000 host computers used by more than 4,000,000 people.




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